An encyclopedia of Middle-earth and Numenor

Geography (see also the map below):

Lothlorien was located in the Vales of the Anduin, between the Great River and the Misty Mountains. In the mountains north of Lothlorien was the great Dwarf-realm of Khazad-dum which became a place of evil called Moria. South of Lothlorien was Fangorn Forest, where the Ents dwelled. Eastward across the Anduin was Dol Guldur, a stronghold of Sauron in the southern part of Mirkwood.

Lothlorien was approximately 50 miles across from east to west and 30 miles from north to south. The forest originally stretched farther south, almost merging with Fangorn, but the trees receded over time. The open field south of the woods was called Parth Celebrant, and this area was originally considered part of the realm of Lothlorien, though no Elves dwelled there.

A stream called the Nimrodel came down from the Misty Mountains and flowed into the northwestern corner of Lothlorien. There was a beautiful waterfall on the Nimrodel in which it was said one could hear the singing of the Elf-maiden for whom the stream was named. The Nimrodel was shallow enough to wade across just below the falls. There was once a bridge over the stream, but it was taken down for defensive reasons.

The Nimrodel joined the Silverlode, or Celebrant - a swift, deep river of cold mountain waters that flowed southeastward through Lothlorien to the Anduin. The Elves used ropes tied between trees on either bank as temporary bridges to cross the Silverlode. There was a path along the southwestern bank of the river, and there were also straight, smooth paths on the northeastern side.

The northeastern part of Lothlorien was known as the Naith, or the Gore, because it formed a wedge-shaped piece of land between the Silverlode and the Anduin. The area where the land came to a point was named Egladil, or the Angle.

In the Naith at the heart of Lothlorien was Cerin Amroth. The hill stood in an open space among the trees. On its grassy slopes bloomed elanor and niphredil. At the top of Cerin Amroth were two rings of trees; the outer trees had white bark, and the inner trees were golden-leaved mallorn-trees. There was a tall tree at the center of the double ring that had a white flet high in its branches. From this flet one could look out over the Golden Wood.

The Galadhrim of Lothlorien were known for living in trees on flets. Some flets were simple platforms, while others had houses built on them. Most of the dwellings in Lothlorien were in the Angle. The majority of the Elves lived in the throughout the woods of the Angle, but many also lived in Caras Galadhon, the City of the Trees.

Caras Galadhon stood on a hill surrounded by a wall and a moat. The city gate was on the southwestern side. There were many tall mallorn-trees in the city with flets in their branches. In the largest tree was the dwelling of the Lord and Lady of Lothlorien, which consisted of several flets and a large hall built around the tree trunk. At the foot of the hill there was an enclosed garden where Galadriel kept her Mirror.

About ten miles southeast of Caras Galadhon, at the very tip of the Angle, was a green lawn called the Tongue. Here the Silverlode merged with the Anduin. There was a small haven for boats called a hythe on the Silverlode side of the Tongue.

The woods of Lothlorien appeared golden all year round. The leaves of the mallorn-trees turned gold in the fall and remained through the winter. In spring, the golden leaves fell and carpeted the ground, while new leaves of green and silver sprouted and golden blossoms bloomed on the trees. Mallorn-trees did not grow elsewhere in Middle-earth, except for one tree in the Shire that was a gift to Sam Gamgee from Galadriel.

Lothlorien was a place of great beauty and peace. Through the power her Ring, Nenya, Galadriel protected Lothlorien not only from evil and danger, but also from the slow decay of time. When Frodo Baggins visited Lothlorien, he observed:

It seemed to him that he had stepped through a high window that looked on a vanished world. A light was upon it for which his language had no name. All that he saw was shapely, but the shapes seemed at once clear cut, as if they had been first conceived and drawn at the uncovering of his eyes, and ancient as if they had endured for ever. He saw no colour but those he knew, gold and white and blue and green, but they were fresh and poignant, as if he had at that moment first perceived them and made for them names new and wonderful. In winter here no heart could mourn for summer or for spring. No blemish or sickness or deformity could be seen in anything that grew upon the earth. On the land of Lorien there was no stain.
The Fellowship of the Ring: "Lothlorien," p. 365

History:

Some of these Elves dwelled east of the river in Greenwood the Great, later known as Mirkwood. Others crossed the Anduin and settled in the woods that were called at various times Lindorinand, Lorinand, Laurelindorenan, and finally Lothlorien or simply Lorien.

In the early part of the Second Age - after Morgoth's defeat and the destruction of Beleriand in western Middle-earth - some Sindarin Elves migrated eastward and came to dwell among the Wood-elves of Lothlorien. According to one story, a Sindarin Elf named Amdir became the leader of the people of Lothlorien. Amdir had a son named Amroth.

At some time during the Second Age, Galadriel came into contact with the Elves of Lothlorien. She lived in the Elven realm of Eregion, just over the Misty Mountains from Lothlorien. Eregion was destroyed by Sauron in 1697 and some of the Noldor who lived there fled to Lothlorien. Galadriel and Celeborn may have come to live in Lothlorien for a time as well, but later departed.

Lothlorien remained under the rule of Amdir for the duration of the Second Age. The Elves of Lothlorien had peace for many years, and few outsiders even knew of their existence.

During the War of the Last Alliance at the end of the Second Age, Amdir led a force to fight Sauron. The Elves of Lothlorien were brave but they were poorly equipped for battle. They were cut off from their allies and were driven into the Dead Marshes. Amdir and over half his Elves were killed. Sauron was finally defeated by the Last Alliance in 3441.

Amroth became King of Lothlorien after his father's death. He was a valiant and wise leader, and he was beloved by his people. Lothlorien was beautiful and prosperous during the first millennium of the Third Age.

Around 1050 of the Third Age, the fortress of Dol Guldur was built in Greenwood the Great across the Anduin from Lothlorien. Dol Guldur was inhabited by an evil presence called the Necromancer, which was in fact Sauron returned. A shadow fell over Greenwood and it became known as Mirkwood. Galadriel and Celeborn are said to have returned to Lothlorien in order to help strengthen its defenses and learn about the Necromancer. But the Elves of Lothlorien were happy with Amroth as their leader, and after a time Galadriel and Celeborn departed once again.

The ground in Lothlorien was flat and there was no stone for building, so as a defensive measure the Elves of Lothlorien built platforms in the trees called flets. These were initially used as refuges or outlook posts. Many Elves worked to build a flet high in a tree on the hill that came to be called Cerin Amroth. Amroth used the flet to keep watch on Dol Guldur across the river. Later Amroth began to live on his flet, and other Elves used flets as homes as well. Because of this, the Elves of Lothlorien became known as the Galadhrim, or Tree-people.

Amroth may have gotten the idea of flets from Nimrodel, an Elf-maiden who lived in a tree near the waterfall of the stream that came to bear her name. Amroth loved Nimrodel and wanted to marry her, but she refused even though she loved Amroth too. Nimrodel was a Silvan Elf, and she was unhappy with the influx of Sindarin and Noldorin Elves because she believed they exposed Lothlorien to the wars and strife of Middle-earth. She chose to live alone in an isolated part of the woods at the northwestern border near Khazad-dum.

In 1980, a Balrog that had dwelled under the mountains since Morgoth's defeat awoke in Khazad-dum. The Dwarves fled in 1981, and Khazad-dum became a place of evil and was called Moria, the Black Pit. Many of the Silvan Elves of Lothlorien fled as well, including Nimrodel. Amroth followed Nimrodel and found her in the eaves of Fangorn Forest. Nimrodel told Amroth she would marry him if he could bring her to a land of peace. Although the people of Lothlorien needed him, Amroth promised to take Nimrodel to the Undying Lands.

Amroth and Nimrodel headed south toward the Elf-haven of Edhellond on the Bay of Belfalas. Somehow they became separated in the White Mountains. Nimrodel chanced upon the River Gilrain, which reminded her of the stream where she had lived in Lothlorien. There she fell into a long, deep sleep.

Amroth came to Edhellond and convinced the ship to wait, but in a strong storm the ship was swept out into the bay. Amroth jumped overboard trying to return to land to find Nimrodel, but he was drowned. The coastal city of Dol Amroth later bore his name.

What became of Nimrodel is not known. It is said that one of her companions named Mithrellas - who had also become lost - married Imrazor, a Man of Numenorean descent who lived in Belfalas. From them were descended the Princes of Dol Amroth, who thus had the blood of the Silvan Elves of Lothlorien in their veins. It is said that Mithrellas left her home and husband after bearing a son and daughter and was not seen again.

Lothlorien was left without a leader in a time of growing danger, so Celeborn and Galadriel returned there and became the Lord and Lady of Lothlorien. Galadriel saw that Lothlorien was in a position of strategic importance to thwart an assault from the evil presence at Dol Guldur - which was feared to be Sauron. She used Nenya, her Ring of Power, to defend Lothlorien's borders.

Galadriel also used her Ring to slow the inevitable decay of Lothlorien and maintain its beauty. She missed the Undying Lands, and in Lothlorien she tried to preserve the memory of ancient days which was fading from Middle-earth. It is said that Galadriel was the one who first planted the mallorn-trees in Lothlorien. Mallorn-trees originally grew on the island of Tol Eressea in the Undying Lands and were later brought to Numenor, but they did not grow naturally in Middle-earth. The trees flourished under Galadriel's care, and Lothlorien became known as the Golden Wood.

Lothlorien was a haven of peace sheltered and isolated from the outside world. Many people in Middle-earth knew it only in legend, and some believed it to be a strange and even dangerous place where a sorceress dwelled. Even the Wood-elves of Mirkwood eventually lost contact with their kindred the Galadhrim. But Galadriel and Celeborn did keep in touch with the Elves of Rivendell, where their daughter Celebrian lived with her husband Elrond.

In 2509, Celebrian was on her way to Lothlorien when she was captured by Orcs in the Redhorn Pass. She was tortured before her sons were able to rescue her, and she left Middle-earth the next year.

In 2510, Eorl the Young led his Riders past Lothlorien on the way to the Battle of the Field of Celebrant. A white mist emanated from the forest to hide the Riders from the Shadow in Dol Guldur.

Gandalf confirmed that the evil presence in Dol Guldur was Sauron in 2850. Gandalf feared that Sauron would soon gain enough strength to attack Lothlorien. But it was not until 2941 that the White Council - composed of the chief Elves and Wizards including Galadriel and Gandalf - launched an assault on the stronghold. Sauron fled and returned in secret to Mordor the next year. He maintained an outpost at Dol Guldur and sent the Nazgul named Khamul to command it in 2951.

Celebrian's daughter Arwen continued to visit Lothlorien. In 2980, Aragorn came to Lothlorien and he spent a season there with Arwen. They became betrothed on Cerin Amroth on Midsummer's Eve. Arwen left Lothlorien in 3009 and returned to Rivendell at her father's request because of the increasing danger east of the Misty Mountains.

Aragorn passed through the eaves of Lothlorien in the early part of 3018, bringing with him the creature called Gollum. Aragorn had captured Gollum near Mordor and was bringing him to Mirkwood to be imprisoned and questioned. The Galadhrim sent word of this to Gandalf.

In December of 3018, Arwen's brothers Elladan and Elrohir arrived in Lothlorien with a message from their father Elrond. They told Galadriel and Celeborn that a Fellowship of nine would soon set out from Rivendell on a quest to destroy the One Ring of Sauron in the fires of Mount Doom.

The Fellowship came to Lothlorien on January 15, 3019. Only eight of them remained, for Gandalf had been lost in Moria. They were discovered near the Nimrodel by three border guards named Haldir, Rumil, and Orophin. The guards allowed the Fellowship to spend the night on their flets.

During the night, Orcs from Moria entered Lothlorien, crossing the Nimrodel and continuing down the road along the Silverlode. The guards led the Orcs away from the Fellowship and deeper into the forest. Orophin went to alert the other Elves. The Orcs were almost all killed, and the rest were pursued back to the Misty Mountains. Gollum also followed the Fellowship into Lothlorien but the Elves let him go since they did not know what he was. Gollum lurked in the woods near the Silverlode to await the Fellowship's departure.

The next morning the Fellowship crossed the Silverlode on a rope bridge and entered the Naith. Haldir had been reluctant to allow Gimli to proceed, since Dwarves were not permitted in Lothlorien, but he agreed on the condition that Gimli be blindfolded. Aragorn said that they would all wear blindfolds, and the Fellowship was led through the Naith to Cerin Amroth. There a group of Elves brought word from Galadriel that all of the Fellowship could walk freely. Their blindfolds were removed, and Gimli became the first Dwarf to look upon the Naith for many long years. Frodo and Sam climbed to the flet on Cerin Amroth, and Aragorn remembered his betrothal to Arwen there.

The Fellowship came to Caras Galadhon on January 17 and met with Galadriel and Celeborn. They spent a month in Lothlorien recuperating from their journey and their grief from the loss of Gandalf. On February 14, Galadriel gave Frodo and Sam the chance to look into her Mirror, which could show images of the past, present, and possible futures. Sam saw the destruction of the Shire in the Mirror, while the visions shown to Frodo culminated in the Eye of Sauron seeking him.

Frodo then offered the One Ring to Galadriel, but she refused because she knew that although she might start to use it with good intentions she would become a tyrant in the end. Galadriel was also aware that if the One Ring were destroyed, the Three Rings of the Elves would lose their power and all that was made and sustained with them would fade - including the peace and beauty of Lothlorien.

The Fellowship left Lothlorien on February 16. Before their departure, they met with Celeborn and Galadriel one last time on the green lawn called the Tongue at the juncture of the Silverlode and the Anduin. Galadriel gave the Fellowship gifts and Celeborn provided them with boats to travel down the Anduin.

The next day on February 17, Gwaihir the Windlord brought Gandalf to Lothlorien. Gandalf had defeated the Balrog in the Battle of the Peak, but the Wizard had also died and had come back as Gandalf the White. Galadriel gave him white robes befitting his new status as head of the Order of Wizards and he soon departed Lothlorien.

The War of the Ring came to Lothlorien in March. Forces from Dol Guldur attacked Lothlorien three times - on March 11, March 15, and March 22. The woods on the borders suffered much damage, but the enemy forces were repelled by the valor of the Galadhrim and the power of Galadriel.

After the destruction of the One Ring and the fall of Sauron, Celeborn led a force of the Galadhrim in boats across the Anduin to attack Dol Guldur on March 28. The stronghold was captured and Galadriel threw down the walls. The shadow on Mirkwood lifted.

On April 6, Celeborn met with Thranduil, the King of the Woodland Realm, in the middle of Mirkwood, which they renamed the Wood of Greenleaves. Together they decided that the northern part of the Wood of Greenleaves would be Thranduil's realm, while the middle portion would be inhabited by Woodmen and Beornings, and the southern part below the Narrows would be part of Lothlorien. This region, across the Anduin from Lothlorien, was called East Lorien.

But although the realm of Lothlorien expanded, its people began to dwindle. Galadriel left Middle-earth for the Undying Lands on September 29, 3021. Celeborn remained in Lothlorien for a while, but soon he grew weary of his realm and in the early part of the Fourth Age he moved to Rivendell and eventually departed to the Undying Lands. Only a few of the Galadhrim remained in Lothlorien, and light and song faded from the Golden Wood.

Arwen came to Lothlorien after the death of her husband Aragorn in the year 120 of the Fourth Age. She found the land silent and she dwelled there alone. Then in the winter of the year 121, she went to Cerin Amroth and she lay down to die.

Map of Lothlorien

Important Dates:

Note: There is no definitive chronology of the Years of the Trees. These dates are based on "The Annals of Aman" in The History of Middle-earth, vol. X, Morgoth's Ring.

Years of the Trees:

1115
During the Great Journey, some of the Teleri decide to settle in the forest that became known as Lothlorien.
 

Second Age:
During the early part of the Second Age, Sindarin Elves settle in Lothlorien. Amdir becomes King of Lothlorien.

1697
Some Noldor relocate to Lothlorien after the destruction of Eregion by Sauron. Galadriel and Celeborn may have have come to Lothlorien for a short time as well.

3434
Amdir leads a troop of Elves from Lothlorien to the Battle of Dagorlad against Sauron. Amdir and half his force are killed. Amroth becomes King of Lothlorien.

3441
Sauron is defeated by the Last Alliance.
 

Third Age:

1050
Sauron secretly builds a stronghold at Dol Guldur in Greenwood across the Anduin from Lothlorien. A shadow falls over Greenwood and it becomes known as Mirkwood.

1100
Galadriel and Celeborn return to Lothlorien for a brief time to help strengthen the defenses.

1409
Elves of Lothlorien cross the Misty Mountains and join Elrond in helping defeat the forces of the Witch-king of Angmar.

1980
A Balrog awakens in Khazad-dum and it becomes a place of evil.

1981
Many Silvan Elves flee Lothlorien, including Nimrodel. Amroth follows her and agrees to take her to the Undying Lands. They become separated on the way to Edhellond. Amroth's ship is swept out to Sea and he drowns trying to return to Nimrodel. Nimrodel's fate is unknown. Celeborn and Galadriel become Lord and Lady of Lothlorien.

2060
The Wise fear the power at Dol Guldur may be Sauron.

2063
Gandalf goes to Dol Guldur to investigate and Sauron flees to the East.

2460
Sauron returns with increased strength to Dol Guldur.

2463
Galadriel summons the White Council.

2509
Galadriel's daughter Celebrian is captured by Orcs on the way to Lothlorien and is rescued by her sons.

2510
Celebrian leaves Middle-earth and goes to the Undying Lands. On the way to the Field of Celebrant, Eorl the Young and his Riders are shielded from Dol Guldur by a white mist emanating from Lothlorien.

2850
Gandalf returns to Dol Guldur and learns that the evil presence is Sauron.

2851
The White Council meets. Gandalf reports that Sauron is at Dol Guldur and urges an attack, but Saruman overrules him.

2941
The White Council decides to attack Dol Guldur. Sauron flees before them.

2942
Sauron returns in secret to Mordor.

2951
Sauron declares himself openly in Mordor. Nazgul led by Khamul are sent to occupy Dol Guldur.

2980
Aragorn comes to Lothlorien and becomes betrothed to Galadriel's granddaughter Arwen.

3009
Arwen leaves Lothlorien and returns to Rivendell.

3018
February or March: Aragorn passes through the eaves of Lothlorien with Gollum while bringing his captive to Mirkwood. The Galadhrim send word to Gandalf of Gollum's capture.

December: Elladan and Elrohir come to Lothlorien to tell Galadriel of the decision to made at the Council of Elrond to destroy the One Ring.

3019
January 15: The Fellowship arrives in Lothlorien. Orcs pursue them but are slain or driven out by the Elves. Gollum also enters Lothlorien but escapes.
January 17: Galadriel and Celeborn receive the Fellowship in Caras Galadhon.

February 14: Galadriel lets Frodo look into her Mirror. Frodo offers her the One Ring and Galadriel rejects it.
February 16: The Fellowship leaves Lothlorien. They receive boats from Celeborn and gifts from Galadriel.
February 17: Gwaihir brings Gandalf the White to Lothlorien.

March 11: Lothlorien is attacked by forces from Dol Guldur.
March 15: Second assault on Lothlorien.
March 22: Third assault on Lothlorien.
March 25: The Ring is destroyed and Sauron is defeated.
March 28: Celeborn and Galadriel lead a force from Lothlorien to capture Dol Guldur. Galadriel casts down the walls.

April 6: Celeborn and Thranduil meet in Mirkwood - now called the Wood of Greenleaves. The southern part of the Wood of Greenleaves becomes East Lorien.

May 20: Elrond and Arwen arrive in Lothlorien.
May 27: Galadriel and Celeborn leave Lothlorien with Elrond and Arwen and set out for Minas Tirith for Arwen's wedding to Aragorn.

September 13: Galadriel and Celeborn cross the Redhorn Gate and return to Lothlorien.

3021
September 29: Galadriel boards a ship and sails into the West to the Undying Lands. Celeborn remains in Lothlorien.
 

Fourth Age:
Celeborn leaves Lothlorien at some point and goes to Rivendell. Only a few of the Galadhrim remain in Lothlorien.

121
Arwen dies on Cerin Amroth in Lothlorien.

Names & Etymology:

Lórinand:
Lorinand was a name derived from Lindorinand after the mallorn-trees were planted in the forest. This name is in the Nandorin language of the Silvan Elves and it means "valley of gold" from lor or lori meaning "golden light" and nand meaning valley.
Unfinished Tales: "The History of Galadriel and Celeborn," p. 252-53 note 5
 

Laurenandë:
Laurenande is the Quenya version of Lorinand. The word laurë means "golden light."
Unfinished Tales: "The History of Galadriel and Celeborn," p. 252-53 note 5
 

Glornan and Nan Laur:
Glornan and Nan Laur are Sindarin forms of Lorinand. Glor or glaur are Sindarin forms of laure meaning "golden light" and nan means "valley."
Unfinished Tales: "The History of Galadriel and Celeborn," p. 252-53 note 5
 

Laurelindórenan or Laurelindórinan:
This name means "Land of the Valley of Singing Gold" in Quenya. It is spelled Laurelindorenan in the second edition of The Two Towers, while in the first edition as well as in Unfinished Tales it is spelled Laurelindorinan. Laurelin was the name of the Golden Tree that grew in the Undying Lands - one of the Two Trees of Valinor. Its name means "singing gold." The element dor means "land" and nan means "valley."
The Two Towers: "Treebeard," p. 70; "The Window on the West," p. 275
Unfinished Tales: "The History of Galadriel and Celeborn," p. 252-53 note 5
 

Laurelindórenan lindelorendor malinornélion ornemalin:
This is what Treebeard called the Golden Wood. It means "the valley where the trees in a golden light sing musically, a land of music and dreams; there are yellow trees there, it is a tree-yellow land." The elements are: laure meaning "golden light"; ndor or nor meaning "land, country"; lin or lind meaning "music, singing"; malina meaning "yellow"; orne meaning "tree"; lor meaning "dream"; and nan or nand meaning "valley."
The Two Towers: "Treebeard," p. 70
The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien: Letter #230
 

Lothlórien:
Lothlórien is the name that was used in the later part of the Third Age. It means "dreamflower." The word loth means "blossom, flower." The element lor means "dream." Lórien is the name of one of the Valar - also known as Irmo - who was the master of dreams and visions. Lórien was also the name of the gardens where he dwelled in the Undying Lands.

Galadriel probably chose this name in memory of those gardens in the Undying Lands because she wanted Lothlorien to be a similar refuge of peace and beauty. But the name Dreamflower also implies a state of waking dream like Frodo felt, where time seemed to stand still, or, as Treebeard said, "They are falling rather behind the world in there..."
The Two Towers: "Treebeard," p. 70
Unfinished Tales: "The History of Galadriel and Celeborn," p. 252-53 note 5
 

Lórien:
Lorien was a shortened form of Lothlórien (see above).
 

Dwimordene:
Dwimordene is the name given to Lothlorien by the people of Rohan. It means "haunted valley." The Rohirrim believed that Lothlorien was a place of magic where a sorceress dwelled. In Old English, the word dwimor means "phantom, ghost, illusion, delusion, apparition" and dene means "valley, dale."
The Two Towers: "The King of the Golden Hall," p. 118
Old English
 

Golden Wood:
The Golden Wood is a Common Speech name for Lothlorien, referring to the golden-leaved mallorn-trees of the forest.
 

The Hidden Land:
This was another Common Speech name for Lothlorien, which few had ever entered.
The Two Towers: "The Window on the West," p. 275
 

The Naith or the Gore:
The Naith was the section of Lothlorien northeast of the Silverlode. The land tapered into a triangle or wedge at the convergence of the Silverlode and the Anduin. The word naith is a Sindarin word meaning "gore" which in turn is an obscure English word meaning "a wedge-shaped piece of land."
The Fellowship of the Ring: "Lothlorien," p. 361
Unfinished Tales: "The Disaster of the Gladden Fields," p. 282 note 16
The History of Middle-earth, vol. V, The Lost Road and Other Writings: "The Etymologies," entry for SNAS, SNAT
 

Egladil or the Angle:
Egladil was the southeastern part of the Naith, where the land came to a point between the two rivers. The element eg means "thorn," indicating something pointed. The element lad means "plain, valley." The common speech translation was the Angle.
The Fellowship of the Ring: "Lothlorien," p. 361
The History of Middle-earth, vol. V, The Lost Road and Other Writings: "The Etymologies," entry for EK, EKTE
The Silmarillion: "Appendix - Elements in Quenya and Sindarin Names," entry for lad
 

East Lorien:
This was the name given to the southern part of the Wood of Greenleaves (formerly Mirkwood) after it became part of the realm of Lothlorien in the Fourth Age. It was east of the original woods of Lothlorien, across the Anduin.

Sources:

The Two Towers: "The Departure of Boromir," p. 18-19; "The Riders of Rohan," p. 26, 29, 34-35, 38, 40-41; "Treebeard," p. 70, 72, 75; "The White Rider," p. 92, 106; "The King of the Golden Hall," p. 114, 118; "The Taming of Smeagol," p. 214-15; "The Window on the West," p. 275-76, 288-89; "Shelob's Lair," p. 329; "The Choices of Master Samwise," p. 340-41

The Return of the King: "The Last Debate," p. 148; "Mount Doom," p. 210; "The Steward and the King," p. 250-51; "Many Partings," p. 257, 259, 263; "The Grey Havens," p. 302-3, 308-10

Appendix A of The Lord of the Rings: "The North-kingdom and the Dunedain," p. 321, 323; "The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen," passim

Appendix B of The Lord of the Rings: "The Tale of Years," p. 368, 370-71, 373-76

Appendix F of The Lord of the Rings: "The Languages and Peoples of the Third Age," p. 405 and footnote 1

Unfinished Tales: "A Description of the Island of Numenor," p. 167-68; "The History of Galadriel and Celeborn," passim; "The Disaster of the Gladden Fields," p. 282 note 16; "Cirion and Eorl," p. 298-99, 316 note 39; "The Quest of Erebor," p. 322, 330; "The Hunt for the Ring," p. 339, 343, 345, 353 note 5

The History of Middle-earth, vol. X, Morgoth's Ring: "The Annals of Aman," p. 82-83

The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien: Letter #131, #230

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